Gonet pede suspensão de lei que proíbe cotas raciais em universidades de SC no STF
Procurador-geral argumenta que fim de ações afirmativas sem avaliação de impacto pode causar danos irreversíveis
O procurador-geral da República, Paulo Gonet, apresentou ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) um parecer pedindo a suspensão da lei de Santa Catarina que proíbe cotas raciais nas universidades estaduais e em instituições que recebem recursos públicos, sob o argumento de que a proibição sem avaliação de impacto pode causar “danos irreversíveis”.
A manifestação de Gonet foi publicada nesta quinta-feira (29) em ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade distribuídas ao STF, sob relatoria do ministro Gilmar Mendes, na sequência da sanção da lei estadual que veda a política de reservas de vagas por raça no ensino superior catarinense.
Argumentos do procurador-geral
No parecer enviado ao Supremo, Gonet afirma que a retirada abrupta de mecanismos de ação afirmativa sem uma avaliação adequada de seus impactos sociais e educacionais pode trazer “efeitos jurídicos irreversíveis ou de difícil reversão”, caso a norma seja aplicada ainda neste ano acadêmico.
O procurador também destacou que medidas afirmativas já foram validadas em decisões anteriores da própria Corte, ressaltando a importância de políticas que enfrentem desigualdades históricas no acesso à educação superior no Brasil.
Contexto da lei em Santa Catarina
A norma questionada foi sancionada pela Assembleia Legislativa de Santa Catarina (Alesc) e pelo governador do estado, depois de ser aprovada por deputados estaduais. A lei proíbe a implementação de cotas raciais em universidades públicas e em instituições privadas que recebam verbas do Estado, mantendo apenas reservas de vagas com base em critérios econômicos, sociais ou para pessoas com deficiência.
Antes mesmo do parecer de Gonet no STF, o Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina (TJSC) já havia concedido liminar suspendendo a eficácia da lei, diante de questionamentos sobre sua constitucionalidade e os efeitos imediatos que a norma poderia ter sobre processos seletivos em andamento.
Debate jurídico e implicações
A discussão no STF agora envolve questões constitucionais complexas, como o princípio da igualdade, a autonomia universitária e a proteção de políticas de ação afirmativa consideradas instrumentos para reduzir desigualdades educacionais e sociais. Organizações como o PSOL, a União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) e a Educafro também são partes ativas nas ações que questionam a norma estadual.
Defensores da permanência de cotas raciais argumentam que trata-se de um mecanismo essencial para ampliar o acesso de grupos historicamente excluídos ao ensino superior, enquanto os proponentes da proibição sustentam que critérios universitários devem ser definidos de forma neutra e não com base em raça.
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